| ADAPTIVE REUSE—converting a building
designed for specific use to a new use (e.g. a residence converted to
office space).
ARCADE—An arched roof or covered passage way.
ARCH—A curved structure
supporting its weight over an open space such as a door or window.
ARTICULATION—Clear and
distinct separation between design elements.
BALUSTER—An upright
support for a rail.
BALUSTRADE—A series of
balusters surmounted by a rail.
BAY WINDOW—A window
projecting outward from the main wall of a building.
BOLLARD—A vertical,
freestanding, short post used as a barrier to vehicles.
BOSQUE—A space defined
by a geometrical grouping of trees.
CAPITAL—The upper part
of a column, pilaster, or pier: the three most commonly used types are
Corinthian, Doric, and Ionic.
CANTILEVER—A beam or
architectural element projecting beyond a wall line without support
from below.
CLAPBOARD—A long thin
board graduating in thickness with the thick overlapping the thin
edges; also known as weatherboard.
CLERESTORY—An upward
extension of a single storied space used to provide windows for
lighting and ventilation.
COLONNADE—A row of
columns supporting a roof structure.
CORNICE—A projection at
the top of a wall, usually decorative.
CUPOLA—A small
structure, sometimes rectangular but usually round in plan, projecting
from the ridge of a roof.
DORMER—A vertically
framed window which projects from a sloping roof and has a roof of its
own.
DOUBLE HUNG WINDOW—A
window with an upper and lower sash arranged so that each slides
vertically past the other.
EAVES—The under part of
a sloping roof that overhangs a wall.
ECLECTIC—A composition
of elements from different styles.
FACADE—The front of a
building.
FASCIA—A flat strip or
band with a small projection, often found near the roofline in a
single story building.
FINIAL—A vertical
ornamentation at the top of a gable or tower.
FENESTRATION—The
arrangement and design of windows in a building.
FIRE RETARDANT—Will not
burn readily or provide fuel to a fire.
FOOTCANDLE—A unit of
measurement of illumination.
FRIEZE—A decorative
sculptural ornament which is very flat and shallow.
GABLE—The triangular
part of an exterior wall, created by the angle of a pitched roof.
GAMBREL ROOF—A roof with
a broken slope creating two pitches between eaves and ridges, found
often on barns.
HIP ROOF—A roof with
four uniformly pitched sides.
INFILL—Generally refers
to a newly constructed building within an existing developed area.
KIOSK—A small, light
structure with one or more open sides often used for displaying
information.
LINTEL—The horizontal
member above a door or window which supports the wall above the
opening.
MANSARD—A roof with two
slopes on each side, the lower slope being much steeper; frequently
used to add a window to an upper story.
MONOCHROMATIC—Painting
with a single hue or color.
MULLIONS—The divisional
pieces in a multi-pane window.
NEWEL POST—The major
upright support at the end of a stair railing or a guardrail at a
landing.
NON-DESCRIPT—Without
distinctive architectural form or style. Ordinary and without
architectural character.
PALLADIAN WINDOW—A three
part window with central, top-arched portion and long, narrow
rectangular windows on either side.
PARAPET—The part of a
wall which rises above the edge of a roof.
PARTY WALL—A single or
double wall at a side property line which provides structural support
and fire protection for the two buildings on each side of the property
line.
PIER—A stout column or
pillar.
PILASTER—A column
attached to a wall or a pier.
PITCH—The slope of a
roof expressed in terms of a ratio of height to span.
PORTAL—The principal
entry of a structure.
PORTICO—A large porch,
usually with a pedimented roof supported by columns.
RAFTER—A structural
member of the roof that extends from the ridge to the eaves and is
used to support the roof deck, shingles, or other roof coverings.
REHABILITATION—Alterations to historic buildings which maintain the
significant architectural style of the building while meeting the
needs of current uses.
REMODELING—Any change or
alteration to a building which substantially alters its original
state.
RENOVATION—To make like
new again, but not necessarily preserving the architectural integrity
of the original.
REPRODUCTION—To make a
copy that closely resembles the original item.
RESTORATION—To put back
exactly to an original state, or to put back to a significant style
not necessarily the original.
RIDGE—The highest line
of a roof where sloping planes intersect.
SHED ROOF—A sloping,
single planed roof as seen on a lean-to.
SHIPLAP SIDING—A
horizontal siding, usually wood, with a beveled edge to provide a
weathertight joint.
SILHOUETTE—Profile or
outline of an object.
SOFFIT—The finished
underside of an eave.
TOWER—A building or
structure typically higher than its diameter.
TURRET—A little tower
often at the corner of a building.
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